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PRODUCT SPECIFICATION
433MHz Single Chip RF Transmitter
FEATURES
* * * * * * * * True single chip FSK transmitter Few external components required On chip UHF synthesiser No set up or configuration 20kbit/s data rate 2 channels Very low power consumption Standby mode
NRF402
APPLICATIONS
* * * * * * * * * * Alarm Systems Automatic Meter Reading (AMR) Keyless entry Home Automation Remote Control Surveillance Automotive Telemetry Toys Wireless Communication
GENERAL DESCRIPTION
NRF402 is a true single chip UHF transmitter designed to operate in the 433MHz ISM (Industrial, Scientific and Medical) frequency band. It features Frequency Shift Keying (FSK) modulation capability. NRF402 operates at data rates up to 20kbits/s. Transmit power can be adjusted to a maximum of +10dBm. Antenna interface is differential and suited for low cost PCB antennas. NRF402 operates from a single 3V DC supply and has a standby mode which makes power saving easy and efficient. As a primary application, NRF402 is intended for UHF radio equipment in compliance with the European Telecommunication Standard Institute (ETSI) specification EN 300 220-1 V1.2.1.
QUICK REFERENCE DATA
Parameter
Frequency, Channel#1/Channel#2 Modulation Frequency deviation Max. RF output power @ 400, 3V Maximum bit rate Supply voltage Transmit supply current @ -10 dBm RF output power Standby supply current
Value
433.92 / 434.33 FSK 15 10 20 2.7 - 3.6 8 8
Unit
MHz kHz dBm kbit/s V mA A
Table 1. NRF402 quick reference data
ORDERING INFORMATION
Type number
NRF402-IC NRF402-EVKIT
Description
14 pin SSOIC Evaluation kit with NRF402 IC
Version
A 1.0
Table 2. NRF402 ordering information
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PRODUCT SPECIFICATION
NRF402 Single Chip RF Transmitter
BLOCK DIAGRAM
CS
7
DIN
9 11
PWR_UP
13
OSC
PLL
LOOP FILTER
4
VCO
PA
10
ANT1 ANT2
1
14
6
5
8
LPF
VCO INDUCTOR
RF_PWR
REFERENCE
Figure 1. NRF402 block diagram with external components
PIN FUNCTIONS
Pin
1 2 3 4 5 6 7
Name
XC1 VSS VDD VCO1 VCO2 LPF CS
Pin function
Input Ground Power Input Input Test Input
Description
Crystal oscillator input Ground (0V) Power supply (+3V DC) External inductor for VCO External inductor for VCO Loop filter voltage test pin * Channel selection CS="0" 433.92MHz, (Channel#1) CS="1" 434.33MHz, (Channel#2) Transmit power setting Data input Antenna terminal Antenna terminal Ground (0V) Power on/off PWR_UP = "1" Power up (Transmit mode) PWR_UP = "0" Power down (Standby mode) Crystal oscillator output
8 9 10 11 12 13
RF_PWR DIN ANT2 ANT1 VSS PWR_UP
Input Input Output Output Ground Input
14
XC2
Output
Table 3. NRF402 pin functions *) This pin is only for test purposes and is intended for use when measuring the loop filter voltage.
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PRODUCT SPECIFICATION
NRF402 Single Chip RF Transmitter
ELECTRICAL SPECIFICATIONS
Conditions: VDD = +3V DC, VSS = 0V, TA= -25C to +85C
Symbol
VDD VSS IDD
Parameter (condition)
Supply voltage Ground Current consumption in transmit mode @ -10 dBm RF power Current consumption in standby mode Max. RF output power @ 400 load Logic "1" input voltage Logic "0" input voltage Logic "1" input current (VI = VDD) Logic "0" input current (VI = VSS) Channel#1 frequency Channel#2 frequency Modulation type Frequency deviation Crystal frequency 1) Bit rate Recommend antenna port differential load impedance Spurious emission
Min.
2.7
Typ.
3 0 8 8 10
Max.
3.6
Units
V V mA A dBm V V A A MHz MHz kHz MHz kbit/s
IDD
PRF VIH VIL IH IL f1 f2 f fXTAL ZI
0.7VDD 0
VDD 0.3VDD +20 -20 433.92 434.33 FSK 15 4.000
0 400
20
Compliant with EN 300-220-1 V1.2.1 2)
Table 4. NRF402 electrical specifications
1) Crystal stability requirement must match the receiver requirement. For use with nRF401, the crystal frequency stability should be better than 45 ppm. 2) With PCB loop antenna or differential to single ended matching network to a 50 antenna.
ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS
Supply voltages VDD .............................. - 0.3V to +6V VSS ................................................ 0V Input voltage VI ...................... - 0.3V to VDD + 0.3V Total power dissipation PD (TA=85C).......................... 230 mW Temperatures Operating Temperature -25C to +85C Storage Temperature - 40C to +125C
Note: Stress exceeding one or more of the limiting values may cause permanent damage to the device. ATTENTION!
Electrostatic Sensitive Device Observe Precaution for handling.
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PRODUCT SPECIFICATION
NRF402 Single Chip RF Transmitter
PIN ASSIGNMENT
XC1 VSS VDD VCO1 VCO2 LPF CS
1 2 3 4 5 6 7
14 XC2
NRF402
14 pin SSOIC
13 PWR_UP 12 VSS 11 ANT1 10 ANT2 9 8 DIN RF_PWR
Figure 2. NRF402 pin assignment
PACKAGE OUTLINE
NRF402, 14 pin SSOIC. Dimensions in mm
14 13 12
E
H
123 D A1 A L e b
Package Type 14 pin SSOIC (5.3 mm)
Min Max
D 5.90 6.50
E 5.00 5.60
H 7.40 8.20
A 2.00
A1 0.05
e
0.65
b 0.22 0.38
L 0.55 0.95
Copl. 0.10
0 8
Figure 3. SSOIC-14 Package outline
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PRODUCT SPECIFICATION
NRF402 Single Chip RF Transmitter
IMPORTANT TIMING DATA
Timing information The timing information for the different operations is summarised in Table 5. (TX is transmit mode, Std.by is standby mode.) Change of Mode Std.bye TX VDD=0 e TX Name tST tVT Max Delay 2ms 4ms Condition Operational mode Start-up
Table 5 Switching times for NRF402 Switching between standby and TX-mode. The maximum time from the PWR_UP input is set to "1", until the synthesised frequency is stable is tST, see Table 5 and Figure 4.
Std.by to TX
VDD
PWR_UP
DIN
2ms ms 0 2 4
Figure 4 Timing diagram for NRF402 when going from standby to TX-mode Powering up to transmit-mode (start-up). Due to spurious emission when the power supply is switched on, the PWR_UP-input must be kept low for 2ms after VDD > 2.7 V. Data (DIN) is valid within 2ms after PWR_UP is high. VDD=0 to TX
VDD
PWR_UP
DIN
2ms
2ms ms
0
2
4
Figure 5. Timing diagram for NRF402, when powering up to TX-mode
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PRODUCT SPECIFICATION
NRF402 Single Chip RF Transmitter
APPLICATION INFORMATION
Antenna output The ANT1 and ANT2 pins provide RF output from the output stage (PA) for NRF402. The antenna connection to NRF402 is differential and the recommended load impedance at the antenna port is 400. Figure 11 shows a typical application schematic with a differential loop antenna on a Printed Circuit Board (PCB). The output stage (PA) consists of two open collector transistors in a differential pair configuration. VDD to the PA must be supplied through the collector load. When connecting a differential loop antenna to the ANT1/ANT2 pins, VDD should be supplied through the centre of the loop antenna as shown in Figure 11. A single ended antenna or 50 test instrument may be connected to NRF402 by using a differential to single ended matching network (BALUN) as shown in Figure 6.
VDD
180nH
22nH ANT1 470pF
RF out 50 ohm
NRF402
1.8pF 1.5pF VDD
ANT2 22nH 1nF 22nH
Figure 6. Connection of NRF402 to single ended antenna by using a differential to single ended matching network The 180nH inductor to VDD in Figure 6, need to have a Self-Resonance Frequency (SRF) above 433 MHz to be effective. Suitable inductors are listed in Table 6. Vendors Stetco Coilcraft muRata WWW address http://www.stetco.com http://www.coilcraft.com http://www.murata.com Part. no., 180 nH inductors, 0603 size 0603G181KTE 0603CS-R18XJBC LQW1608AR18J00
Table 6. Vendors and part. no. for suitable 180nH inductors. A single ended antenna may also be connected to NRF402 using an 8:1 impedance RF transformer. The RF transformer must have a centre tap at the primary side for VDD supply.
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PRODUCT SPECIFICATION
NRF402 Single Chip RF Transmitter
RF output power The external bias resistor R3 connected between the RF_PWR pin and VSS sets the output power. The RF output power may be set to levels up to +10dBm. In Figure 7 the output power is plotted for power levels down to, but not limited to, -8.5dBm for a differential load of 400. DC power supply current versus external bias resistor value is shown in Figure 8.
RF Output Power
10 8 6 4 Power [dBm] 2 0 -2 -4 -6 150 -8 -10 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200 Resistor Value [k] 180 22 27 33 39 47 56 68 82 100 120
Figure 7. RF Output power vs. external power setting resistor (R3) for NRF402
Total Chip Current
30,0 22 27 20,0 33 39 15,0 47 56 68 10,0 82 100 120
25,0 Current Consumption [mA]
150
180
5,0
0,0 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200 Resistor Value [k ]
Figure 8. Total chip current consumption vs. external power setting resistor (R3) for NRF402
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PRODUCT SPECIFICATION
NRF402 Single Chip RF Transmitter
VCO inductor An external 22nH inductor connected between the VCO1 and VCO2 pins is required for the on-chip voltage controlled oscillator (VCO). This inductor should be a high quality chip inductor, Q > 45 @ 433 MHz, with a maximum tolerance of 2%. The following 22 nH inductors (0603) are suitable for use with NRF402, see Table 7.
Vendors Pulse Coilcraft muRata Stetco KOA
WWW address http://www.pulseeng.com http://www.coilcraft.com http://www.murata.com http://www.stetco.com http://www.koaspeer.com
Part. no., 22 nH inductors, 0603 size PE-0603CD220GTT 0603CS-22NXGBC LQW1608A22NG00 0603G220GTE KQ0603TE22NG
Table 7. Vendors and part no. of suitable 22 nH inductors See page 10 for PCB layout guidelines regarding placement of the inductor.
Crystal specification To achieve an active crystal oscillator (XOSC) with low power consumption, certain requirements apply for crystal loss and capacitive load. The crystal specification is: f= 4.0000 MHz Co 5 pF ESR 150 ohm . C L 14 pF Crystal parallel resonant frequency Crystal parallel equivalent capacitance Crystal equivalent series resistance Total crystal load capacitance, including capacitance in PCB layout.
For the crystal oscillator shown in Figure 9 the load capacitance becomes CL = C1 C 2 , C1 + C 2 Where C1 = C1 + CPCB1 and C2 = C2 + CPCB2
C1 and C2 are 0603 SMD capacitors as shown in the application schematic, see Figure 11 and Table 8. CPCB1 and CPCB2 are the layout parasitic capacitance on the circuit board.
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PRODUCT SPECIFICATION
NRF402 Single Chip RF Transmitter
Crystal oscillator
Internal R External components
Crystal equivalent
Co
ESR
Cs
L
Crystal C1 C2
Figure 9. Crystal oscillator and crystal equivalent Sharing a reference crystal with a micro-controller Figure 10 shows circuit diagram of a typical application where NRF402 and a micro controller share the reference crystal.
XC1
1.0M
R
micro controller
X1 X2
NRF402
C
XC2
5.6pF
C1 22pF
4.0 MHz
C2 22pF
Figure 10. NRF402 and a micro-controller sharing the reference crystal The crystal reference line from the micro-controller should not be routed close to full swing digital data or control signals. Channel#1 / Channel#2 selection CS is a digital input for selection of either channel#1 (f1=433.92MHz) or channel#2 (f2=434.33MHz). CS = "0" selects channel#1. CS = "1" selects channel#2. DIN (data input) The DIN pin is the input to the digital modulator of the transmitter. The input signal to this pin should be standard CMOS logic level at data rates up to 20 kbit/s. DIN = "1" f = f0 + f DIN = "0" f = f0 - f
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PRODUCT SPECIFICATION
NRF402 Single Chip RF Transmitter
Power up PWR_UP is a digital input for selection of normal operating mode or standby mode. PWR_UP = "1" selects normal operating mode. PWR_UP = "0" selects standby mode. LPF pin LPF is the loop filter test pin. This may be used for measurement of the loop filter voltage. In a normal application this pin should only be connected to a solder pad. No PCB lines should be connected to this pin. Frequency difference between transmitter and receiver Assuming the nRF401 transceiver chip is used for demodulation, the total frequency difference between transmitter and receiver should not exceed 70 ppm (30 kHz). This yields a crystal stability requirement of 35 ppm for the transmitter and receiver. Frequency difference exceeding this will result in a 12dB/octave drop in receiver sensitivity. The functional window of the transmission link is typically 450 ppm (200 kHz). Example: A crystal with 20 ppm frequency tolerance and 25 ppm frequency stability over temperature has a worst case frequency difference of 45 ppm. If the transmitter and receiver operate in different temperature environments, the resulting worst-case frequency difference may be as high as 90 ppm. Resulting drop in sensitivity due to the extra 20 ppm, is then approx. 5dB. PCB layout and decoupling guidelines A well-designed PCB is necessary to achieve good RF performance. A PCB with a minimum of two layers including a ground plane is recommended for optimum performance. The NRF402 DC supply voltage should be decoupled as close as possible to the VDD pins with high performance RF capacitors, see Table 8. It is preferable to mount a large surface mount capacitor (e.g. 2.2 F ceramic) in parallel with the smaller value capacitors. The NRF402 supply voltage should be filtered and routed separately from the supply voltages of any digital circuitry. Long power supply lines on the PCB should be avoided. All device grounds, VDD connections and VDD bypass capacitors must be connected as close as possible to the NRF402 IC. For a PCB with a topside RF ground plane, the VSS pins should be connected directly to the ground plane. For a PCB with a bottom ground plane, the best technique is to have via holes in or close to the VSS pads. Full swing digital data or control signals should not be routed close to the external VCO inductor or the LPF pin. The VCO inductor placement is important. The optimum placement of the VCO inductor gives a PLL loop filter voltage of 1.1 0.2 V, which can be measured at LPF (pin 6). For a 22nH, 0603 size inductor the length between the centre of the
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PRODUCT SPECIFICATION
NRF402 Single Chip RF Transmitter
VCO1/VCO2 pad and the centre of the inductor pad should be 5.4 mm, see Figure 12 (c) (layout, top view), for a 2 layer, 1.6 mm thick FR4 PCB. PCB layout example Figure 12 shows a PCB layout example for the application schematic in Figure 11. A double-sided FR-4 board of 1.6mm thickness is used. This PCB has a continuous ground plane on the bottom layer. Additionally, there are ground areas on the component side of the board to ensure sufficient grounding of critical components. A large number of via holes connect the top layer ground areas to the bottom layer ground plane. There is no ground plane beneath the antenna. For more layout information, please refer to application note nAN400-06, "NRF402 RF and antenna layout".
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PRODUCT SPECIFICATION
NRF402 Single Chip RF Transmitter
APPLICATION SCHEMATIC
+3V R1 C5 2.2uF 1206 1M 0603
C1 22pF 0603
X1 4.000 MHz
C2 22pF 0603
REFERENCE
U1 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 XC1 VSS VDD VCO1 VCO2 LPF CS XC2 PWR_UP VSS ANT1 ANT2 DIN RF_PWR 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 PWR_UP C7 5.6pF 0603 C8 10pF 0603
aaaaaaaa R2 18K 0603
L1 22nH 0603 C3 4.7nF 0603 C4 100pF 0603
DIN C6 100pF 0603
CS
NRF402 433MHz Single chip RF Transmitter SSOIC14 R3 22K 0603
J1 Loop antenna 18x10mm Q=55
Figure 11. NRF402 application Schematic
Component
C1 C2 C3 C4 C5 C6 C7 C8 L1 R1 R2 R3 X1
Description
NP0 ceramic chip capacitor, (Crystal oscillator) NP0 ceramic chip capacitor, (Crystal oscillator) X7R ceramic chip capacitor, (Supply decoupling) NP0 ceramic chip capacitor, (Supply decoupling) X7R ceramic chip capacitor, (Supply decoupling) NP0 ceramic chip capacitor, (Supply decoupling) NP0 ceramic chip capacitor, (Antenna tuning) NP0 ceramic chip capacitor, (Antenna tuning) VCO inductor, Q>45 @ 433 MHz (See table 6.) 1/8W chip resistor, (Crystal oscillator) 1/8W chip resistor, (Antenna Q reduction) 1/8W chip resistor, (Transmitter power setting) Crystal
Size
0603 0603 0603 0603 1206 0603 0603 0603 0603 0603 0603 0603 -
Value
22 22 4.7 100 2.2 100 5.6 10 22 1.0 18 22 4.000
Tolerance
Units
pF pF nF pF F pF pF pF nH M k k MHz
0.25 0.25 2%
Table 8 Recommended External Components
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PRODUCT SPECIFICATION
NRF402 Single Chip RF Transmitter
a) Top silk screen
b) Bottom silk screen
c) Top view
d) Bottom view
Figure 12. PCB layout (example) for NRF402 with loop antenna
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PRODUCT SPECIFICATION
NRF402 Single Chip RF Transmitter
DEFINITIONS
Data sheet status
Objective product specification Preliminary product specification Product specification This datasheet contains target specifications for product development. This datasheet contains preliminary data; supplementary data may be published from Nordic VLSI ASA later. This datasheet contains final product specifications. Nordic VLSI ASA reserves the right to make changes at any time without notice in order to improve design and supply the best possible product.
Limiting values
Stress above one or more of the limiting values may cause permanent damage to the device. These are stress ratings only and operation of the device at these or at any other conditions above those given in the Specifications sections of the specification is not implied. Exposure to limiting values for extended periods may affect device reliability.
Application information
Where application information is given, it is advisory and does not form part of the specification.
Table 9. Definitions Nordic VLSI ASA reserves the right to make changes without further notice to the product to improve reliability, function or design. Nordic VLSI does not assume any liability arising out of the application or use of any product or circuits described herein.
LIFE SUPPORT APPLICATIONS
These products are not designed for use in life support appliances, devices, or systems where malfunction of these products can reasonably be expected to result in personal injury. Nordic VLSI ASA customers using or selling these products for use in such applications do so at their own risk and agree to fully indemnify Nordic VLSI ASA for any damages resulting from such improper use or sale.
Product specification: Revision Date: 29.02.2000. Datasheet order code: 290200NRF402. All rights reserved (R). Reproduction in whole or in part is prohibited without the prior written permission of the copyright holder.
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PRODUCT SPECIFICATION
NRF402 Single Chip RF Transmitter
YOUR NOTES
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PRODUCT SPECIFICATION
NRF402 Single Chip RF Transmitter
Nordic VLSI - World Wide Distributors
For Your nearest dealer, please see http://www.nvlsi.no
Main Office: Vestre Rosten 81, N-7075 Tiller, Norway Phone: +47 72 89 89 00, Fax: +47 72 89 89 89 E-mail: nRF@nvlsi.no Visit the Nordic VLSI ASA website at http://www.nvlsi.no
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